Chloroplasts are photosynthetic organelle that converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules from carbon dioxide and water. Chloroplasts are found in plants and algaes.
Chloroplasts contain the pigments called chlorophyll. It is enveloped in two membranes separated by an inter-membrane space which contains membranous sac discs called thylakoids which stack into a granum. The fluid surrounding is called the stroma which contains the chloroplast DNA and ribosomes and other enzymes.
Endosymbiont Theory: States that chloroplasts and mitochondria were engulfed by eukaryotic cells which became the host cell. Allowing living cells to live within another living cell. The evidence for this relationship is that both the chloroplasts and mitochondria have two outer membranes unlike other organelles which are single membranes and also have their own ribosome and DNA material within their membranes.
Photon and electrons as source of energy
Chlorophyll pigments in plants absorbs the light energy. There are two types of chlorophyll a and b in the photosystem, and these chlorophylls absorb different light waves.
